Authors:
Tatiana Vlasova, Maria Spirina, Anastasia Bezborodova, Artem Ryzhov, Evgenia Tyagusheva
For citation:
Vlasova T., Spirina M., Bezborodova A., Ryzhov A., Tyagusheva E. Gender Features of Autonomic Regulation of Cardic Activity in Young Athletes. Journal of Clinical Physiology and Pathology (JISCPP) 2024; 3 (2): 16-20.
Abstract:
Background. The success of sports activities depends on the level of the athlete’s functional state. The study of heart rate variability will help determine the adaptive capabilities and state of cardiac reserves in athletes as they currently are, as well as predict sports results. The purpose of this study is to study gender characteris-tics of the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity in children involved in sports.
Materials and methods. The study involved 22 children aged 12-18 years. All study participants were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=10) – boys and group 2 (n=12) – girls. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight and height were measured non-invasively. Based on the data obtained, adaptation potential, body mass index, and Kerdo index were calculated. When assessing heart rate variability, the autonomic balance index (ABI), autonomic rhythm index (ARI) and tension index (TI) of regulatory systems were cal-culated. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, U-test and Chi-square test (χ2).
Results. In both groups, satisfactory adaptation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) to physical activity was noted (BP <2.6), but the value of this indicator was 7.25% higher in boys (p <0.001), which indirectly indicates that The functional reserve of the cardiovascular system in adaptation to physical activity is better in girls. When calculating the Kerdo index and studying heart rate variability (HRV), it was found that 50% of boys have sympathetic tone and 10% have parasympathetic tone. In the group of girls, an increase in the tone of the sympathetic division of the ANS occurs significantly more often by 8.3%. The RRNN value in the boys group is 15% higher than in the girls group (p<0.001). The NN50 and pNN50 values were also higher among boys by 44.87% and 41.17%, respectively (p<0.05). SDNN and RMSSD in the girls group are less by 25.5% (p<0.01) and 34.5% (p<0.05), respectively. The average heart rate is 11.6% higher among girls (p<0.01). IVR, VPR and IN were greater in the girls group by 32.8%, 32.9% and 50.8%, respectively (p<0.01).
Conclusions. Satisfactory adaptation of the body to physical activity was evident in both gender groups. Lin-ear rhythmogram and column histogram data show that HRV is higher in the boys group, and the stress in-dex is higher in the girls group.
Keywords: heart rate variability and adaptation, child athletes, Kerdo index, adaptive potential, cardiovascular system.